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Adoption study
Adoption studies are one of the classic tools of behavioral genetics. These studies are used to estimate the degree to which a trait varies in response to environmental and genetic variation. Adoption studies are typically used together with twin studies when estimating heritability.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Why are children in the same family so different from one another? )〕 There are two adoption study designs. The adoptees method investigates similarities between the adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents. Similarity with the biological parent is expected to be heritable genetic effect, while similarity with the adoptive parent is associated with home-environment, called the shared environmental effect). The familial method compares non-biological siblings who are reared in the same household.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gene-environment interactions in mental disorders )〕 Similarity to non-biological siblings raised in the same household is attributed to shared environment effect, as the siblings are biologically unrelated but share the home environment. Variation that cannot be accounted by either genetics or home-environment is typically described as non-shared environment. Adoption studies are one of the key tools in behavioral genetics and are typically used in combination with twin studies when making heritability estimates.〔
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